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3D lab · Chemical bonding

VSEPR Molecular Shapes in 3D

Build any VSEPR shape from bond pairs and lone pairs and rotate it to see the real 3D geometry and bond angles.

Last updated: 26 October 2026

Direct answer

Build any VSEPR shape from bond pairs and lone pairs and rotate it to see the real 3D geometry and bond angles.

Lone pairs (purple) repel more than bonds, so they push bonds closer. In 5-domain shapes lone pairs sit in the equator; in 6-domain shapes they sit opposite each other.

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VSEPR Molecular Shapes in 3D

Chemical bonding

Drag to rotate, two fingers or right-drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom. The toolbar has views, cutaway, measure and “show the maths”.

What's happening? Lone pairs (purple) repel more than bonds, so they push bonds closer. In 5-domain shapes lone pairs sit in the equator; in 6-domain shapes they sit opposite each other.
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FAQs

Frequently asked questions

Why is NH₃ 107° and not 109.5°?

Its lone pair repels the three N–H bonds more strongly than they repel each other, squeezing the angle.

What is the shape of XeF₄?

Square planar: 4 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs, with the lone pairs opposite each other.

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