3D lab · Atomic structure

Atomic Orbitals in 3D

See s, p and d orbitals as real 3D probability clouds, rotate them, and count radial and angular nodes.

Last updated: 26 October 2026

Direct answer

See s, p and d orbitals as real 3D probability clouds, rotate them, and count radial and angular nodes.

Each dot is a likely place to find the electron. Dense regions mean high |ψ|². Count the empty shells (radial nodes) and empty planes or cones (angular nodes).

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Atomic Orbitals in 3D

Atomic structure

Drag to rotate, two fingers or right-drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom. The toolbar has views, cutaway, measure and “show the maths”.

What's happening? Each dot is a likely place to find the electron. Dense regions mean high |ψ|². Count the empty shells (radial nodes) and empty planes or cones (angular nodes).
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FAQs

Frequently asked questions

How many radial nodes does a 3s orbital have?

Two. Radial nodes = n − l − 1 = 3 − 0 − 1 = 2.

Why is the 3dz² orbital different from other d orbitals?

It has a ring (torus) around the middle and two lobes along z. Its angular nodes are two cones, not two planes.

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