Experimental Skills (Physics Practicals): One-Page Formula Sheet

Experimental Skills (Physics Practicals) — formula sheet

Formulas

• Vernier LC = 1 MSD − 1 VSD
• Resonance tube end correction e = (l₂ − 3l₁)/2
• Metre bridge X = R(100 − l)/l
• Pendulum: g = 4π²L/T²

Key ideas

• Least count and zero error for vernier and screw gauge
• Resonance tube gives speed of sound: v = 2f(l₂ − l₁)
• Metre bridge: R/S = l/(100 − l)
• u–v method for focal length

Traps to avoid

• Ignoring zero error sign
• Forgetting end correction
• Reading the wrong scale division

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