Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation: One-Page Formula Sheet

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation — formula sheet

Formulas

• E = hf = hc/λ; hc ≈ 1240 eV·nm
• K_max = hf − φ = eV₀
• de Broglie λ = h/p = h/√(2mK)
• Electron accelerated through V: λ ≈ 1.227/√V nm

Key ideas

• Light behaves as photons with energy hf
• Photoemission needs f above the threshold frequency; intensity changes only the current
• Stopping potential depends on frequency, not intensity
• Moving particles have a wavelength λ = h/p

Traps to avoid

• Thinking higher intensity increases K_max
• Unit mix-ups between eV and joules
• Using λ = h/mv for photons

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