Atomic Structure: One-Page Formula Sheet

Atomic Structure — formula sheet

Formulas

• Eₙ = −13.6 Z²/n² eV
• 1/λ = R_H Z²(1/n₁² − 1/n₂²)
• Δx·Δp ≥ h/4π
• Number of spectral lines from level n = n(n − 1)/2

Key ideas

• Four quantum numbers: n, l, mₗ, mₛ
• Aufbau, Pauli and Hund's rules fill orbitals
• Cr and Cu are exceptions (half-filled and full d stability)
• Radial nodes = n − l − 1; angular nodes = l

Traps to avoid

• Counting nodes wrongly
• Forgetting the Cr and Cu exceptions
• Mixing physics and chemistry versions of Bohr energy units

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