Waves and Sound notes
OpenThe 4 formulas you need for Waves and Sound, on one page.
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Physics · printable
Waves and Sound: One-Page Formula Sheet
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Last updated: 26 October 2026
Formula sheet
Waves and Sound formulas
Waves and Sound — formula sheet
Formulas
- v = fλ = ω/k
- String: v = √(T/μ)
- Closed pipe: f = (2n − 1)v / 4L; open pipe: f = nv / 2L
- Doppler: f′ = f (v ± v_o)/(v ∓ v_s)
Key ideas
- y = A sin(kx − ωt) is a wave moving in +x
- Standing waves form from two opposite waves; nodes are λ/2 apart
- Beats frequency = |f₁ − f₂|
- Open pipe: all harmonics; closed pipe: odd harmonics only
Traps to avoid
- Wrong signs in the Doppler formula
- Forgetting end correction when the question gives it
- Treating the first overtone as the first harmonic
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FAQs
Frequently asked questions
Where can I get a Waves and Sound formula sheet PDF for free?
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How should I use a formula sheet?
Read it once a day for a week, then cover it and write the formulas from memory. Revise only the ones you missed.