Oscillations (SHM) notes
OpenThe 4 formulas you need for Oscillations (SHM), on one page.
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Oscillations (SHM): One-Page Formula Sheet
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Last updated: 26 October 2026
Formula sheet
Oscillations (SHM) formulas
Oscillations (SHM) — formula sheet
Formulas
- x = A sin(ωt + φ), ω = √(k/m)
- v = ω√(A² − x²), a = −ω²x
- T (spring) = 2π√(m/k), T (pendulum) = 2π√(L/g)
- Series: 1/k = 1/k₁ + 1/k₂; parallel: k = k₁ + k₂
Key ideas
- SHM when restoring force F = −kx
- Phase decides position and velocity at any time
- Total energy stays constant, ½kA²
- Springs in series and parallel combine like capacitors in reverse
Traps to avoid
- Using the pendulum formula for large angles
- Forgetting the effective g in a lift or accelerating frame
- Confusing angular frequency with frequency
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FAQs
Frequently asked questions
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