Solutions and Colligative Properties notes
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Chemistry · printable
Solutions and Colligative Properties: One-Page Formula Sheet
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Last updated: 26 October 2026
Formula sheet
Solutions and Colligative Properties formulas
Solutions and Colligative Properties — formula sheet
Formulas
- Raoult: p = p°χ
- Relative lowering: Δp/p° = χ_solute
- ΔT_b = iK_b m, ΔT_f = iK_f m
- Osmotic pressure π = iCRT
Key ideas
- Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles
- Positive deviation: weaker A–B attraction; negative deviation: stronger
- Electrolytes raise i above 1; association lowers it
- Azeotropes boil at constant composition
Traps to avoid
- Forgetting i for electrolytes
- Using molarity in ΔT formulas (use molality)
- Unit errors in osmotic pressure
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