Mole Concept and Stoichiometry: One-Page Formula Sheet

Mole Concept and Stoichiometry — formula sheet

Formulas

• n = mass / molar mass = N / Nₐ
• Molarity M = moles of solute / litres of solution
• Molality m = moles of solute / kg of solvent
• Mole fraction χ = nᵢ / n_total

Key ideas

• 1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ particles
• The limiting reagent is used up first and fixes the product amount
• Molarity changes with temperature; molality does not
• Balance the equation before any calculation

Traps to avoid

• Using volume of solvent instead of solution for molarity
• Not converting mL to L
• Skipping the limiting reagent check

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