Chemical Thermodynamics: One-Page Formula Sheet

Chemical Thermodynamics — formula sheet

Formulas

• ΔH = ΔU + Δn_g RT
• ΔG = ΔH − TΔS
• ΔS = q_rev / T
• Isothermal reversible work W = −2.303 nRT log(V₂/V₁)

Key ideas

• State functions: U, H, S, G (path-independent)
• Hess's law: enthalpy changes add
• ΔG < 0 means spontaneous at constant T and P
• ΔG° = −RT ln K links thermodynamics and equilibrium

Traps to avoid

• Sign convention for work (chemistry uses work done on the system)
• Δn_g counting liquid or solid moles
• Forgetting to convert kJ and J

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