Amines and Nitrogen Compounds notes
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Amines and Nitrogen Compounds: One-Page Formula Sheet
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Last updated: 26 October 2026
Formula sheet
Amines and Nitrogen Compounds formulas
Amines and Nitrogen Compounds — formula sheet
Formulas
- Gabriel synthesis gives only 1° amines
- Hofmann bromamide: RCONH₂ → RNH₂ (one carbon less)
- Sandmeyer: ArN₂⁺ + CuX → ArX
- Coupling: ArN₂⁺ + phenol → azo dye
Key ideas
- Basicity in water: 2° > 1° > 3° > NH₃ for methyl amines
- Aniline is less basic due to resonance
- Hinsberg test distinguishes 1°, 2° and 3° amines
- Diazonium salts give many aromatic substitutions
Traps to avoid
- Using Gabriel for aromatic amines
- Wrong basicity order in gas vs water
- Forgetting carbon loss in Hofmann
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